Attacks against?those of?51¹ú²úÊÓƵn descent have intensified?on and around?campuses in Western countries, a year after?experts first warned?against rising xenophobia linking or blaming certain populations for the Covid pandemic.

51¹ú²úÊÓƵ?leaders called a mass shooting in Atlanta, Georgia, in March ¨C in which six of the eight victims were 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn women ¨C a ¡°turning point¡± for broader awareness about discrimination. Higher education institutions have set up hotlines and task forces to combat the?problem, and are addressing anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn bias in their research, communications and public outreach.

Dan Mogulof, assistant vice-chancellor for executive communications at the 51¹ú²úÊÓƵ of California, Berkeley, told?Times Higher Education?that student orientation and campus communications were addressing the issue. ¡°The first step is to acknowledge that anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn discrimination, bias and violence exist,¡± he said.

Regarding the impact on international students, he said ¡°we will ¨C as we always have ¨C continue to do everything in our power to ensure they feel ¨C and are ¨C safe, respected and welcome¡±.

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While rising xenophobia puts all 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn communities at risk ¨C both domestic and foreign ¨C it may act as yet one?more deterrent to?international students already kept away by Covid,?visa delays?and other political tensions.

Yingyi Ma, a sociologist at Syracuse 51¹ú²úÊÓƵ and author of?Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education, told?THE?that ¡°Chinese students and their parents are definitely concerned about recent attacks against 51¹ú²úÊÓƵns in the US and other Western countries. They may definitely consider this as part of their concerns over safety issues in their deliberations of studying abroad.¡±

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¡°There is fear of being Chinese in the United States,¡± William Kirby, a China studies professor at Harvard 51¹ú²úÊÓƵ, said at a?THE?Live US event about?international student recruitment. ¡°Anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn racialism has been stoked politically and exists in the public domain. It comes at a serious cost.¡±

Frank Wu, president of CUNY Queens College, told?THE?that ¡°this is affecting our community¡±, referring to a student body?of 139 nationalities. ¡°Our students can be assured that providing an atmosphere of inclusivity and respectfulness is among our highest priorities,¡± he said.

He called the recent attacks ¡°the culmination of a year of violence?that forms a pattern. 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn-Americans are scared to leave their homes, not because of fear of catching a disease but being blamed for the pandemic.¡±

¡°51¹ú²úÊÓƵns abroad, many 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn exchange students?and even some 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn immigrants?recently arrived are doubting their choice: for them, the allure of America is vanishing,¡± he??recently.?

Attacks could also deter scholars from the UK. Peng Wang, a business lecturer at the?51¹ú²úÊÓƵ of Southampton, posted photos of himself bleeding from the nose and mouth after he was beaten by four white men. Dr Wang was jogging when his assailants yelled racist slurs and attacked him.

He??the BBC after the attack in February that if the ¡°hostile environment¡± did not improve, he might consider returning to his native country.

Dr Wang told?THE?that some of his 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn students had expressed concern about ¡°how their safety can be guaranteed¡± if they travelled to the UK. ?

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¡°Better education is urgently needed¡±, he said, as most attacks happened outside campus and that ¡°most racist people don¡¯t know that what they¡¯ve done is a criminal offence¡±. Southampton?said that it would launch a new tool for students and staff to report harassment, bullying or hate crime.

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Canada has also been affected. Less than two weeks after the Atlanta killings, an 51¹ú²úÊÓƵn student at the?51¹ú²úÊÓƵ of British Columbia?was assaulted near her workplace. Her assailant used a racist term before punching?her in the head and abdomen, the police?.

Santa Ono, UBC¡¯s president, told?THE?that he was ¡°horrified to hear of the reported racist and misogynistic attack in the neighbourhood adjacent to UBC¡±.

¡°It is important to recognise that this is not just one incident. It follows the very recent tragedy of senseless violence in Atlanta, Georgia. These are flashpoints that connect to long-standing historical issues in Canada,¡± he said. ¡°The more recent wave of anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn rhetoric and violence amplified by Covid-19 is the latest in a long history of racism.¡±

He added that the university must ¡°engage on this crucial issue beyond our community.¡± UBC recently announced a new anti-racism and inclusive excellence task force and will be holding an online forum in June.

Professor Ono also emphasised the need for greater research in this area.?¡°There are many scholars who work tirelessly at our institution to combat forms of anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn discrimination daily through their research and teaching,¡± he said.

Christine Yano, former president of the Association for 51¹ú²úÊÓƵ Studies (AAS) and a professor at the?51¹ú²úÊÓƵ of Hawai¡¯i at M¨¡noa, told?THE?that ¡°examining the sources of racism is important historically, as well as now¡±.

¡°The race issue in the United States is typically framed as a black-white problem.?But as anti-51¹ú²úÊÓƵn violence gains more media attention, people will recognise the very real problems inherent in racism that affects other groups, such as 51¹ú²úÊÓƵns,¡± she said.

The AAS said in??that ¡°the politicisation of Covid-19, such as mocking references to China or Wuhan, has further inflamed anti-AAPI [51¹ú²úÊÓƵn-American and Pacific Islander] sentiments, legitimating the belief that all members of AAPI communities can be reduced to virus carriers and not treated as human beings¡±.

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A??by Stop AAPI Hate recorded 3,795 incidents of discrimination in the US alone, in the year up to February 2021. About 95 of those incidents happened at a university.

joyce.lau@timeshighereducation.com?